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[May-2024] Data-Engineer-Associate Dumps With 100% Verified Q&As - Pass Guarantee or Full Refund [Q44-Q61]

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[May-2024] Data-Engineer-Associate Dumps With 100% Verified Q&As - Pass Guarantee or Full Refund

Pass Amazon Data-Engineer-Associate Exam With Practice Test Questions Dumps Bundle

NEW QUESTION # 44
A company created an extract, transform, and load (ETL) data pipeline in AWS Glue. A data engineer must crawl a table that is in Microsoft SQL Server. The data engineer needs to extract, transform, and load the output of the crawl to an Amazon S3 bucket. The data engineer also must orchestrate the data pipeline.
Which AWS service or feature will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

  • A. AWS Glue Studio
  • B. AWS Step Functions
  • C. Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA)
  • D. AWS Glue workflows

Answer: D

Explanation:
AWS Glue workflows are a cost-effective way to orchestrate complex ETL jobs that involve multiple crawlers, jobs, and triggers. AWS Glue workflows allow you to visually monitor the progress and dependencies of your ETL tasks, and automatically handle errors and retries. AWS Glue workflows also integrate with other AWS services, such as Amazon S3, Amazon Redshift, and AWS Lambda, among others, enabling you to leverage these services for your data processing workflows. AWS Glue workflows are serverless, meaning you only pay for the resources you use, and you don't have to manage any infrastructure.
AWS Step Functions, AWS Glue Studio, and Amazon MWAA are also possible options for orchestrating ETL pipelines, but they have some drawbacks compared to AWS Glue workflows. AWS Step Functions is a serverless function orchestrator that can handle different types of data processing, such as real-time, batch, and stream processing. However, AWS Step Functions requires you to write code to define your state machines, which can be complex and error-prone. AWS Step Functions also charges you for every state transition, which can add up quickly for large-scale ETL pipelines.
AWS Glue Studio is a graphical interface that allows you to create and run AWS Glue ETL jobs without writing code. AWS Glue Studio simplifies the process of building, debugging, and monitoring your ETL jobs, and provides a range of pre-built transformations and connectors. However, AWS Glue Studio does not support workflows, meaning you cannot orchestrate multiple ETL jobs or crawlers with dependencies and triggers. AWS Glue Studio also does not support streaming data sources or targets, which limits its use cases for real-time data processing.
Amazon MWAA is a fully managed service that makes it easy to run open-source versions of Apache Airflow on AWS and build workflows to run your ETL jobs and data pipelines. Amazon MWAA provides a familiar and flexible environment for data engineers who are familiar with Apache Airflow, and integrates with a range of AWS services such as Amazon EMR, AWS Glue, and AWS Step Functions. However, Amazon MWAA is not serverless, meaning you have to provision and pay for the resources you need, regardless of your usage.
Amazon MWAA also requires you to write code to define your DAGs, which can be challenging and time-consuming for complex ETL pipelines. References:
AWS Glue Workflows
AWS Step Functions
AWS Glue Studio
Amazon MWAA
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide


NEW QUESTION # 45
A manufacturing company wants to collect data from sensors. A data engineer needs to implement a solution that ingests sensor data in near real time.
The solution must store the data to a persistent data store. The solution must store the data in nested JSON format. The company must have the ability to query from the data store with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

  • A. Use AWS Lambda to process the sensor data. Store the data in Amazon S3 for querying.
  • B. Use a self-hosted Apache Kafka cluster to capture the sensor data. Store the data in Amazon S3 for querying.
  • C. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to capture the sensor data. Store the data in Amazon DynamoDB for querying.
  • D. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service(Amazon SQS) to buffer incomingsensor data. Use AWS Glue to store thedata in Amazon RDS for querying.

Answer: C


NEW QUESTION # 46
A data engineer must orchestrate a series of Amazon Athena queries that will run every day. Each query can run for more than 15 minutes.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose two.)

  • A. Use an AWS Glue Python shell script to run a sleep timer that checks every 5 minutes to determine whether the current Athena query has finished running successfully. Configure the Python shell script to invoke the next query when the current query has finished running.
  • B. Use an AWS Lambda function and the Athena Boto3 client start_query_execution API call to invoke the Athena queries programmatically.
  • C. Use an AWS Glue Python shell job and the Athena Boto3 client start_query_execution API call to invoke the Athena queries programmatically.
  • D. Use Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA) to orchestrate the Athena queries in AWS Batch.
  • E. Create an AWS Step Functions workflow and add two states. Add the first state before the Lambda function. Configure the second state as a Wait state to periodically check whether the Athena query has finished using the Athena Boto3 get_query_execution API call. Configure the workflow to invoke the next query when the current query has finished running.

Answer: B,E

Explanation:
Option A and B are the correct answers because they meet the requirements most cost-effectively. Using an AWS Lambda function and the Athena Boto3 client start_query_execution API call to invoke the Athena queries programmatically is a simple and scalable way to orchestrate the queries. Creating an AWS Step Functions workflow and adding two states to check the query status and invoke the next query is a reliable and efficient way to handle the long-running queries.
Option C is incorrect because using an AWS Glue Python shell job to invoke the Athena queries programmatically is more expensive than using a Lambda function, as it requires provisioning and running a Glue job for each query.
Option D is incorrect because using an AWS Glue Python shell script to run a sleep timer that checks every 5 minutes to determine whether the current Athena query has finished running successfully is not a cost-effective or reliable way to orchestrate the queries, as it wastes resources and time.
Option E is incorrect because using Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA) to orchestrate the Athena queries in AWS Batch is an overkill solution that introduces unnecessary complexity and cost, as it requires setting up and managing an Airflow environment and an AWS Batch compute environment.
References:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 5: Data Orchestration, Section 5.2: AWS Lambda, Section 5.3: AWS Step Functions, Pages 125-135 Building Batch Data Analytics Solutions on AWS, Module 5: Data Orchestration, Lesson 5.1: AWS Lambda, Lesson 5.2: AWS Step Functions, Pages 1-15 AWS Documentation Overview, AWS Lambda Developer Guide, Working with AWS Lambda Functions, Configuring Function Triggers, Using AWS Lambda with Amazon Athena, Pages 1-4 AWS Documentation Overview, AWS Step Functions Developer Guide, Getting Started, Tutorial:
Create a Hello World Workflow, Pages 1-8


NEW QUESTION # 47
A company loads transaction data for each day into Amazon Redshift tables at the end of each day. The company wants to have the ability to track which tables have been loaded and which tables still need to be loaded.
A data engineer wants to store the load statuses of Redshift tables in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The data engineer creates an AWS Lambda function to publish the details of the load statuses to DynamoDB.
How should the data engineer invoke the Lambda function to write load statuses to the DynamoDB table?

  • A. Use the Amazon Redshift Data API to publish a message to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure the SQS queue to invoke the Lambda function.
  • B. Use a second Lambda function to invoke the first Lambda function based on AWS CloudTrail events.
  • C. Use the Amazon Redshift Data API to publish an event to Amazon EventBridqe. Configure an EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function.
  • D. Use a second Lambda function to invoke the first Lambda function based on Amazon CloudWatch events.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The Amazon Redshift Data API enables you to interact with your Amazon Redshift data warehouse in an easy and secure way. You can use the Data API to run SQL commands, such as loading data into tables, without requiring a persistent connection to the cluster. The Data API also integrates with Amazon EventBridge, which allows you to monitor the execution status of your SQL commands and trigger actions based on events. By using the Data API to publish an event to EventBridge, the data engineer can invoke the Lambda function that writes the load statuses to the DynamoDB table. This solution is scalable, reliable, and cost-effective. The other options are either not possible or not optimal. You cannot use a second Lambda function to invoke the first Lambda function based on CloudWatch or CloudTrail events, as these services do not capture the load status of Redshift tables. You can use the Data API to publish a message to an SQS queue, but this would require additional configuration and polling logic to invoke the Lambda function from the queue. This would also introduce additional latency and cost. References:
Using the Amazon Redshift Data API
Using Amazon EventBridge with Amazon Redshift
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 2: Data Store Management, Section 2.2: Amazon Redshift


NEW QUESTION # 48
A company has a frontend ReactJS website that uses Amazon API Gateway to invoke REST APIs. The APIs perform the functionality of the website. A data engineer needs to write a Python script that can be occasionally invoked through API Gateway. The code must return results to API Gateway.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

  • A. Deploy a custom Python script that can integrate with API Gateway on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS).
  • B. Create an AWS Lambda function. Ensure that the function is warm byscheduling an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function every 5 minutes by usingmock events.
  • C. Create an AWS Lambda Python function with provisioned concurrency.
  • D. Deploy a custom Python script on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster.

Answer: C

Explanation:
AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers.
You can use Lambda to create functions that perform custom logic and integrate with other AWS services, such as API Gateway. Lambda automatically scales your application by running code in response to each trigger. You pay only for the compute time you consume1.
Amazon ECS is a fully managed container orchestration service that allows you to run and scale containerized applications on AWS. You can use ECS to deploy, manage, and scale Docker containers using either Amazon EC2 instances or AWS Fargate, a serverless compute engine for containers2.
Amazon EKS is a fully managed Kubernetes service that allows you to run Kubernetes clusters on AWS without needing to install, operate, or maintain your own Kubernetes control plane. You can use EKS to deploy, manage, and scale containerized applications using Kubernetes on AWS3.
The solution that meets the requirements with the least operational overhead is to create an AWS Lambda Python function with provisioned concurrency. This solution has the following advantages:
It does not require you to provision, manage, or scale any servers or clusters, as Lambda handles all the infrastructure for you. This reduces the operational complexity and cost of running your code.
It allows you to write your Python script as a Lambda function and integrate it with API Gateway using a simple configuration. API Gateway can invoke your Lambda function synchronously or asynchronously, and return the results to the frontend website.
It ensures that your Lambda function is ready to respond to API requests without any cold start delays, by using provisioned concurrency. Provisioned concurrency is a feature that keeps your function initialized and hyper-ready to respond in double-digit milliseconds. You can specify the number of concurrent executions that you want to provision for your function.
Option A is incorrect because it requires you to deploy a custom Python script on an Amazon ECS cluster.
This solution has the following disadvantages:
It requires you to provision, manage, and scale your own ECS cluster, either using EC2 instances or Fargate. This increases the operational complexity and cost of running your code.
It requires you to package your Python script as a Docker container image and store it in a container registry, such as Amazon ECR or Docker Hub. This adds an extra step to your deployment process.
It requires you to configure your ECS cluster to integrate with API Gateway, either using an Application Load Balancer or a Network Load Balancer. This adds another layer of complexity to your architecture.
Option C is incorrect because it requires you to deploy a custom Python script that can integrate with API Gateway on Amazon EKS. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It requires you to provision, manage, and scale your own EKS cluster, either using EC2 instances or Fargate. This increases the operational complexity and cost of running your code.
It requires you to package your Python script as a Docker container image and store it in a container registry, such as Amazon ECR or Docker Hub. This adds an extra step to your deployment process.
It requires you to configure your EKS cluster to integrate with API Gateway, either using an Application Load Balancer, a Network Load Balancer, or a service of type LoadBalancer. This adds another layer of complexity to your architecture.
Option D is incorrect because it requires you to create an AWS Lambda function and ensure that the function is warm by scheduling an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function every 5 minutes by using mock events. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It does not guarantee that your Lambda function will always be warm, as Lambda may scale down your function if it does not receive any requests for a long period of time. This may cause cold start delays when your function is invoked by API Gateway.
It incurs unnecessary costs, as you pay for the compute time of your Lambda function every time it is invoked by the EventBridge rule, even if it does not perform any useful work1.
References:
1: AWS Lambda - Features
2: Amazon Elastic Container Service - Features
3: Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service - Features
[4]: Building API Gateway REST API with Lambda integration - Amazon API Gateway
[5]: Improving latency with Provisioned Concurrency - AWS Lambda
[6]: Integrating Amazon ECS with Amazon API Gateway - Amazon Elastic Container Service
[7]: Integrating Amazon EKS with Amazon API Gateway - Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service
[8]: Managing concurrency for a Lambda function - AWS Lambda


NEW QUESTION # 49
A company uses Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. The company must automate refresh schedules for Amazon Redshift materialized views.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST effort?

  • A. Use Apache Airflow to refresh the materialized views.
  • B. Use an AWS Glue workflow to refresh the materialized views.
  • C. Use the query editor v2 in Amazon Redshift to refresh the materialized views.
  • D. Use an AWS Lambda user-defined function (UDF) within Amazon Redshift to refresh the materialized views.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The query editor v2 in Amazon Redshift is a web-based tool that allows users to run SQL queries and scripts on Amazon Redshift clusters. The query editor v2 supports creating and managing materialized views, which are precomputed results of a query that can improve the performance of subsequent queries. The query editor v2 also supports scheduling queries to run at specified intervals, which can be used to refresh materialized views automatically. This solution requires the least effort, as it does not involve any additional services, coding, or configuration. The other solutions are more complex and require more operational overhead.
Apache Airflow is an open-source platform for orchestrating workflows, which can be used to refresh materialized views, but it requires setting up and managing an Airflow environment, creating DAGs (directed acyclic graphs) to define the workflows, and integrating with Amazon Redshift. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that can run code in response to events, which can be used to refresh materialized views, but it requires creating and deploying Lambda functions, defining UDFs within Amazon Redshift, and triggering the functions using events or schedules. AWS Glue is a fully managed ETL service that can run jobs to transform and load data, which can be used to refresh materialized views, but it requires creating and configuring Glue jobs, defining Glue workflows to orchestrate the jobs, and scheduling the workflows using triggers. References:
Query editor V2
Working with materialized views
Scheduling queries
[AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide]


NEW QUESTION # 50
A company uses an Amazon Redshift cluster that runs on RA3 nodes. The company wants to scale read and write capacity to meet demand. A data engineer needs to identify a solution that will turn on concurrency scaling.
Which solution will meet this requirement?

  • A. Turn on concurrency scaling for the daily usage quota for the Redshift cluster.
  • B. Turn on concurrency scaling at the workload management (WLM) queue level in the Redshift cluster.
  • C. Turn on concurrency scaling in the settings duringthe creation of andnew Redshift cluster.
  • D. Turn on concurrency scaling in workload management (WLM) for Redshift Serverless workgroups.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Concurrency scaling is a feature that allows you to support thousands of concurrent users and queries, with consistently fast query performance. When you turn on concurrency scaling, Amazon Redshift automatically adds query processing power in seconds to process queries without any delays. You can manage which queries are sent to the concurrency-scaling cluster by configuring WLM queues. To turn on concurrency scaling for a queue, set the Concurrency Scaling mode value to auto. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant, as they do not enable concurrency scaling for the existing Redshift cluster on RA3 nodes. References:
Working with concurrency scaling - Amazon Redshift
Amazon Redshift Concurrency Scaling - Amazon Web Services
Configuring concurrency scaling queues - Amazon Redshift
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide (Chapter 6, page 163)


NEW QUESTION # 51
A company uses AWS Step Functions to orchestrate a data pipeline. The pipeline consists of Amazon EMR jobs that ingest data from data sources and store the data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The pipeline also includes EMR jobs that load the data to Amazon Redshift.
The company's cloud infrastructure team manually built a Step Functions state machine. The cloud infrastructure team launched an EMR cluster into a VPC to support the EMR jobs. However, the deployed Step Functions state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs.
Which combination of steps should the company take to identify the reason the Step Functions state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs? (Choose two.)

  • A. Check for entries in Amazon CloudWatch for the newly created EMR cluster. Change the AWS Step Functions state machine code to use Amazon EMR on EKS. Change the IAM access policies and the security group configuration for the Step Functions state machine code to reflect inclusion of Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS).
  • B. Use AWS CloudFormation to automate the Step Functions state machine deployment. Create a step to pause the state machine during the EMR jobs that fail. Configure the step to wait for a human user to send approval through an email message. Include details of the EMR task in the email message for further analysis.
  • C. Verify that the Step Functions state machine code has all IAM permissions that are necessary to create and run the EMR jobs. Verify that the Step Functions state machine code also includes IAM permissions to access the Amazon S3 buckets that the EMR jobs use. Use Access Analyzer for S3 to check the S3 access properties.
  • D. Check the retry scenarios that the company configured for the EMR jobs. Increase the number of seconds in the interval between each EMR task. Validate that each fallback state has the appropriate catch for each decision state. Configure an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to store the error messages.
  • E. Query the flow logs for the VPC. Determine whether the traffic that originates from the EMR cluster can successfully reach the data providers. Determine whether any security group that might be attached to the Amazon EMR cluster allows connections to the data source servers on the informed ports.

Answer: C,E

Explanation:
To identify the reason why the Step Functions state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs, the company should take the following steps:
Verify that the Step Functions state machine code has all IAM permissions that are necessary to create and run the EMR jobs. The state machine code should have an IAM role that allows it to invoke the EMR APIs, such as RunJobFlow, AddJobFlowSteps, and DescribeStep. The state machine code should also have IAM permissions to access the Amazon S3 buckets that the EMR jobs use as input and output locations. The company can use Access Analyzer for S3 to check the access policies and permissions of the S3 buckets12. Therefore, option B is correct.
Query the flow logs for the VPC. The flow logs can provide information about the network traffic to and from the EMR cluster that is launched in the VPC. The company can use the flow logs to determine whether the traffic that originates from the EMR cluster can successfully reach the data providers, such as Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, or other external sources. The company can also determine whether any security group that might be attached to the EMR cluster allows connections to the data source servers on the informed ports. The company can use Amazon VPC Flow Logs or Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the flow logs3 . Therefore, option D is correct.
Option A is incorrect because it suggests using AWS CloudFormation to automate the Step Functions state machine deployment. While this is a good practice to ensure consistency and repeatability of the deployment, it does not help to identify the reasonwhy the state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs. Moreover, creating a step to pause the state machine during the EMR jobs that fail and wait for a human user to send approval through an email message is not a reliable way to troubleshoot the issue. The company should use the Step Functions console or API to monitor the execution history and status of the state machine, and use Amazon CloudWatch to view the logs and metrics of the EMR jobs .
Option C is incorrect because it suggests changing the AWS Step Functions state machine code to use Amazon EMR on EKS. Amazon EMR on EKS is a service that allows you to run EMR jobs on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters. While this service has some benefits, such as lower cost and faster execution time, it does not support all the features and integrations that EMR on EC2 does, such as EMR Notebooks, EMR Studio, and EMRFS. Therefore, changing the state machine code to use EMR on EKS may not be compatible with the existing data pipeline and may introduce new issues.
Option E is incorrect because it suggests checking the retry scenarios that the company configured for the EMR jobs. While this is a good practice to handle transient failures and errors, it does not help to identify the root cause of why the state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs. Moreover, increasing the number of seconds in the interval between each EMR task may not improve the success rate of the jobs, and may increase the execution time and cost of the state machine. Configuring an Amazon SNS topic to store the error messages may help to notify the company of any failures, but it does not provide enough information to troubleshoot the issue.
References:
1: Manage an Amazon EMR Job - AWS Step Functions
2: Access Analyzer for S3 - Amazon Simple Storage Service
3: Working with Amazon EMR and VPC Flow Logs - Amazon EMR
[4]: Analyzing VPC Flow Logs with Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
[5]: Monitor AWS Step Functions - AWS Step Functions
[6]: Monitor Amazon EMR clusters - Amazon EMR
[7]: Amazon EMR on Amazon EKS - Amazon EMR


NEW QUESTION # 52
A manufacturing company collects sensor data from its factory floor to monitor and enhance operational efficiency. The company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to publish the data that the sensors collect to a data stream. Then Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose writes the data to an Amazon S3 bucket.
The company needs to display a real-time view of operational efficiency on a large screen in the manufacturing facility.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LOWEST latency?

  • A. Use Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink (previously known as Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics) to process the sensor data. Use a connector for Apache Flink to write data to an Amazon Timestream database. Use the Timestream database as a source to create a Grafana dashboard.
  • B. Use AWS Glue bookmarks to read sensor data from the S3 bucket in real time. Publish the data to an Amazon Timestream database. Use the Timestream database as a source to create a Grafana dashboard.
  • C. Configure the S3 bucket to send a notification to an AWS Lambda function when any new object is created. Use the Lambda function to publish the data to Amazon Aurora. Use Aurora as a source to create an Amazon QuickSight dashboard.
  • D. Use Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink (previously known as Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics) to process the sensor data. Create a new Data Firehose delivery stream to publish data directly to an Amazon Timestream database. Use the Timestream database as a source to create an Amazon QuickSight dashboard.

Answer: D

Explanation:
This solution will meet the requirements with the lowest latency because it uses Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink to process the sensor data in real time and write it to Amazon Timestream, a fast, scalable, and serverless time series database. Amazon Timestream is optimized for storing and analyzing time series data, such as sensor data, and can handle trillions of events per day with millisecond latency. By using AmazonTimestream as a source, you can create an Amazon QuickSight dashboard that displays a real-time view of operational efficiency on a large screen in the manufacturing facility. Amazon QuickSight is a fully managed business intelligence service that can connect to various data sources, including Amazon Timestream, and provide interactive visualizations and insights123.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
A: Use Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink (previously known as Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics) to process the sensor data. Use a connector for Apache Flink to write data to an Amazon Timestream database. Use the Timestream database as a source to create a Grafana dashboard. This option is similar to option C, but it uses Grafana instead of Amazon QuickSight to create the dashboard.
Grafana is an open source visualization tool that can also connect to Amazon Timestream, but it requires additional steps to set up and configure, such as deploying a Grafana server on Amazon EC2, installing the Amazon Timestream plugin, and creating an IAM role for Grafana to access Timestream. These steps can increase the latency and complexity of the solution.
B: Configure the S3 bucket to send a notification to an AWS Lambda function when any new object is created. Use the Lambda function to publish the data to Amazon Aurora. Use Aurora as a source to create an Amazon QuickSight dashboard. This option is not suitable for displaying a real-time view of operational efficiency, as it introduces unnecessary delays and costs in the data pipeline. First, the sensor data is written to an S3 bucket by Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose, which can have a buffering interval of up to 900 seconds. Then, the S3 bucket sends a notification to a Lambda function, which can incur additional invocation and execution time. Finally, the Lambda function publishes the data to Amazon Aurora, a relational database that is not optimized for time series data and can have higher storage and performance costs than Amazon Timestream .
D: Use AWS Glue bookmarks to read sensor data from the S3 bucket in real time. Publish the data to an Amazon Timestream database. Use the Timestream database as a source to create a Grafana dashboard.
This option is also not suitable for displaying a real-time view of operational efficiency, as it uses AWS Glue bookmarks to read sensor data from the S3 bucket. AWS Glue bookmarks are a feature that helps AWS Glue jobs and crawlers keep track of the data that has already been processed, so that they can resume from where they left off. However, AWS Glue jobs and crawlers are not designed for real-time data processing, as they can have a minimum frequency of 5 minutes and a variable start-up time.
Moreover, this option also uses Grafana instead of Amazon QuickSight to create the dashboard, which can increase the latency and complexity of the solution .
References:
1: Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Flink
2: Amazon Timestream
3: Amazon QuickSight
4: Analyze data in Amazon Timestream using Grafana
5: Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
6: Amazon Aurora
7: AWS Glue Bookmarks
8: AWS Glue Job and Crawler Scheduling


NEW QUESTION # 53
An airline company is collecting metrics about flight activities for analytics. The company is conducting a proof of concept (POC) test to show how analytics can provide insights that the company can use to increase on-time departures.
The POC test uses objects in Amazon S3 that contain the metrics in .csv format. The POC test uses Amazon Athena to query the data. The data is partitioned in the S3 bucket by date.
As the amount of data increases, the company wants to optimize the storage solution to improve query performance.
Which combination of solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

  • A. Preprocess the .csv data to Apache Parquet format by fetching only the data blocks that are needed for predicates.
  • B. Preprocess the .csvdata to JSON format by fetchingonly the document keys that the query requires.
  • C. Use an S3 bucket that is in the same AWS Region where the company runs Athena queries.
  • D. Use an S3 bucket that is in the same account that uses Athena to query the data.
  • E. Add a randomized string to the beginning of the keys in Amazon S3 to get more throughput across partitions.

Answer: A,C

Explanation:
Using an S3 bucket that is in the same AWS Region where the company runs Athena queries can improve query performance by reducing data transfer latency and costs. Preprocessing the .csv data to Apache Parquet format can also improve query performance by enabling columnar storage, compression, and partitioning, which can reduce the amount of data scanned and fetched by the query. These solutions can optimize the storage solution for the POC test without requiring much effort or changes to the existing data pipeline. The other solutions are not optimal or relevant for this requirement. Adding a randomized string to the beginning of the keys in Amazon S3 can improve the throughput across partitions, but it can also make the data harder to query and manage. Using an S3 bucket that is in the same account that uses Athena to query the data does not have any significant impact on query performance, as long as the proper permissions are granted.
Preprocessing the .csv data to JSON format does not offer any benefits over the .csv format, as both are row-based and verbose formats that require more data scanning and fetching than columnar formats like Parquet. References:
Best Practices When Using Athena with AWS Glue
Optimizing Amazon S3 Performance
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide


NEW QUESTION # 54
A data engineer needs Amazon Athena queries to finish faster. The data engineer notices that all the files the Athena queries use are currently stored in uncompressed .csv format. The data engineer also notices that users perform most queries by selecting a specific column.
Which solution will MOST speed up the Athena query performance?

  • A. Compress the .csv files by using Snappy compression.
  • B. Change the data format from .csvto Apache Parquet. Apply Snappy compression.
  • C. Change the data format from .csvto JSON format. Apply Snappy compression.
  • D. Compress the .csv files by using gzjg compression.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Amazon Athena is a serverless interactive query service that allows you to analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. Athena supports various data formats, such as CSV, JSON, ORC, Avro, and Parquet. However, not all data formats are equally efficient for querying. Some data formats, such as CSV and JSON, are row-oriented, meaning that they store data as a sequence of records, each with the same fields. Row-oriented formats are suitable for loading and exporting data, but they are not optimal for analytical queries that often access only a subset of columns. Row-oriented formats also do not support compression or encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
On the other hand, some data formats, such as ORC and Parquet, are column-oriented, meaning that they store data as a collection of columns, each with a specific data type. Column-oriented formats are ideal for analytical queries that often filter, aggregate, or join data by columns. Column-oriented formats also support compression and encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance. For example, Parquet supports dictionary encoding, which replaces repeated values with numeric codes, and run-length encoding, which replaces consecutive identical values with a single value and a count. Parquet also supports various compression algorithms, such as Snappy, GZIP, and ZSTD, that can further reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
Therefore, changing the data format from CSV to Parquet and applying Snappy compression will most speed up the Athena query performance. Parquet is a column-oriented format that allows Athena to scan only the relevant columns and skip the rest, reducing the amount of data read from S3. Snappy is a compression algorithm that reduces the data size without compromising the query speed, as it is splittable and does not require decompression before reading. This solution will also reduce the cost of Athena queries, as Athena charges based on the amount of data scanned from S3.
The other options are not as effective as changing the data format to Parquet and applying Snappy compression. Changing the data format from CSV to JSON and applying Snappy compression will not improve the query performance significantly, as JSON is also a row-oriented format that does not support columnar access or encoding techniques. Compressing the CSV files by using Snappy compression will reduce the data size, but it will not improve the query performance significantly, as CSV is still a row-oriented format that does not support columnar access or encoding techniques. Compressing the CSV files by using gzjg compression will reduce the data size, but it willdegrade the query performance, as gzjg is not a splittable compression algorithm and requires decompression before reading. References:
Amazon Athena
Choosing the Right Data Format
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 5: Data Analysis and Visualization, Section 5.1: Amazon Athena


NEW QUESTION # 55
A data engineer must build an extract, transform, and load (ETL) pipeline to process and load data from 10 source systems into 10 tables that are in an Amazon Redshift database. All the source systems generate .csv, JSON, or Apache Parquet files every 15 minutes. The source systems all deliver files into one Amazon S3 bucket. The file sizes range from 10 MB to 20 GB. The ETL pipeline must function correctly despite changes to the data schema.
Which data pipeline solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

  • A. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to run an AWS Glue job every 15 minutes. Configure the AWS Glue job to process and load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables.
  • B. Configure an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue workflow when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket. Configure the AWS Glue workflow to have an on-demand trigger that runs an AWS Glue crawler and then runs an AWS Glue job when the crawler finishes running successfully. Configure the AWS Glue job to process and load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables.
  • C. Configure an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue crawler when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket. Configure an AWS Glue job to process and load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables.
    Create a second Lambda function to run the AWS Glue job. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the second Lambda function when the AWS Glue crawler finishes running successfully.
  • D. Configure an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue job when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket. Configure the AWS Glue job to read the files from the S3 bucket into an Apache Spark DataFrame. Configure the AWS Glue job to also put smaller partitions of the DataFrame into an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Configure the delivery stream to load data into the Amazon Redshift tables.
  • E. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Glue workflow job every 15 minutes. Configure the AWS Glue workflow to have an on-demand trigger that runs an AWS Glue crawler and then runs an AWS Glue job when the crawler finishes running successfully. Configure the AWS Glue job to process and load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables.

Answer: A,E

Explanation:
Using an Amazon EventBridge rule to run an AWS Glue job or invoke an AWS Glue workflow job every 15 minutes are two possible solutions that will meet the requirements. AWS Glue is a serverless ETL service that can process and load data from various sources to various targets, including Amazon Redshift. AWS Glue can handle different data formats, such as CSV, JSON, and Parquet, and also support schema evolution, meaning it can adapt to changes in the data schema over time. AWS Glue can also leverage Apache Spark to perform distributed processing and transformation of large datasets. AWS Glue integrates with Amazon EventBridge, which is a serverless event bus service that can trigger actions based on rules and schedules. By using an Amazon EventBridge rule, you can invoke an AWS Glue job or workflow every 15 minutes, and configure the job or workflow to run an AWS Glue crawler and then load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables. This way, you can build a cost-effective and scalable ETL pipeline that can handle data from 10 source systems and function correctly despite changes to the data schema.
The other options are not solutions that will meet the requirements. Option C, configuring an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue crawler when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket, and creating a second Lambda function to run the AWS Glue job, is not a feasible solution, as it would require a lot of Lambda invocations andcoordination. AWS Lambda has some limits on the execution time, memory, and concurrency, which can affect the performance and reliability of the ETL pipeline. Option D, configuring an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue workflow when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket, is not a necessary solution, as you can use an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the AWS Glue workflow directly, without the need for a Lambda function. Option E, configuring an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue job when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket, and configuring the AWS Glue job to put smaller partitions of the DataFrame into an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream, is not a cost-effective solution, as it would incur additional costs for Lambda invocations and data delivery. Moreover, using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to load data into Amazon Redshift is not suitable for frequent and small batches of data, as it can cause performance issues and data fragmentation. References:
AWS Glue
Amazon EventBridge
Using AWS Glue to run ETL jobs against non-native JDBC data sources
[AWS Lambda quotas]
[Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose quotas]


NEW QUESTION # 56
A company is migrating its database servers from Amazon EC2 instances that run Microsoft SQL Server to Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instances. The company's analytics team must export large data elements every day until the migration is complete. The data elements are the result of SQL joinsacross multiple tables. The data must be in Apache Parquet format. The analytics team must store the data in Amazon S3.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

  • A. Create an AWS Lambda function that queries the EC2 instance-based databases by using Java Database Connectivity (JDBC). Configure the Lambda function to retrieve the required data, transform the data into Parquet format, and transfer the data into an S3 bucket. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule the Lambda function to run every day.
  • B. Use a SQL query to create a view in the EC2 instance-based SQL Server databases that contains the required data elements. Create and run an AWS Glue crawler to read the view. Create an AWS Glue job that retrieves the data and transfers the data in Parquet format to an S3 bucket. Schedule the AWS Glue job to run every day.
  • C. Schedule SQL Server Agent to run a daily SQL query that selects the desired data elements from the EC2 instance-based SQL Server databases. Configure the query to direct the output .csv objects to an S3 bucket. Create an S3 event that invokes an AWS Lambda function to transform the output format from
    .csv to Parquet.
  • D. Create a view in the EC2 instance-based SQL Server databases that contains the required data elements.
    Create an AWS Glue job that selects the data directly from the view and transfers the data in Parquet format to an S3 bucket. Schedule the AWS Glue job to run every day.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Option A is the most operationally efficient way to meet the requirements because it minimizes the number of steps and services involved in the data export process. AWS Glue is a fully managed service that can extract, transform, and load (ETL) data from various sources to various destinations, including Amazon S3. AWS Glue can also convert data to different formats, such as Parquet, which is a columnar storage format that is optimized for analytics. By creating a view in the SQL Server databases that contains the required data elements, the AWS Glue job can select the data directly from the view without having to perform any joins or transformations on the source data. The AWS Glue job can then transfer the data in Parquet format to an S3 bucket and run on a daily schedule.
Option B is not operationally efficient because it involves multiple steps and services to export the data. SQL Server Agent is a tool that can run scheduled tasks on SQL Server databases, such as executing SQL queries.
However, SQL Server Agent cannot directly export data to S3, so the query output must be saved as .csv objects on the EC2 instance. Then, an S3 event must be configured to trigger an AWS Lambda function that can transform the .csv objects to Parquet format and upload them to S3. This option adds complexity and latency to the data export process and requires additional resources and configuration.
Option C is not operationally efficient because it introduces an unnecessary step of running an AWS Glue crawler to read the view. An AWS Glue crawler is a service that can scan data sources and create metadata tables in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. The Data Catalog is a central repository that stores information about the data sources, such as schema, format, and location. However, in this scenario, the schema and format of the data elements are already known and fixed, so there is no need to run a crawler to discover them. The AWS Glue job can directly select the data from the view without using the Data Catalog. Running a crawler adds extra time and cost to the data export process.
Option D is not operationally efficient because it requires custom code and configuration to query the databases and transform the data. An AWS Lambda function is a service that can run code in response to events or triggers, such as Amazon EventBridge. Amazon EventBridge is a service that can connect applications and services with event sources, such as schedules, and route them to targets, such as Lambda functions. However, in this scenario, using a Lambda function to query the databases and transform the data is not the best option because it requires writing and maintaining code that uses JDBC to connect to the SQL Server databases, retrieve the required data, convert the data to Parquet format, and transfer the data to S3.
This option also has limitations on the execution time, memory, and concurrency of the Lambda function, which may affect the performance and reliability of the data export process.
References:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
AWS Glue Documentation
Working with Views in AWS Glue
Converting to Columnar Formats


NEW QUESTION # 57
A company stores data in a data lake that is in Amazon S3. Some data that the company stores in the data lake contains personally identifiable information (PII). Multiple user groups need to access the raw data. The company must ensure that user groups can access only the PII that they require.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?

  • A. Use Amazon QuickSight to access the data. Use column-level security features in QuickSight to limit the PII that users can retrieve from Amazon S3 by using Amazon Athena. Define QuickSight access levels based on the PII access requirements of the users.
  • B. Build a custom query builder UI that will run Athena queries in the background to access the data.
    Create user groups in Amazon Cognito. Assign access levels to the user groups based on the PII access requirements of the users.
  • C. Use Amazon Athena to query the data. Set up AWS Lake Formation and create data filters to establish levels of access for the company's IAM roles. Assign each user to the IAM role that matches the user's PII access requirements.
  • D. Create IAM roles that have different levels of granular access. Assign the IAM roles to IAM user groups. Use an identity-based policy to assign access levels to user groups at the column level.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Amazon Athena is a serverless, interactive query service that enables you to analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. AWS Lake Formation is a service that helps you build, secure, and manage data lakes on AWS.
You can use AWS Lake Formation to create data filters that define the level of access for different IAM roles based on the columns, rows, or tags of the data. By using Amazon Athena to query the data and AWS Lake Formation to create data filters, the company can meet the requirements of ensuring that user groups can access only the PII that they require with the least effort. The solution is to use Amazon Athena to query the data in the data lake that is in Amazon S3. Then, set up AWS Lake Formation and create data filters to establish levels of access for the company's IAM roles. For example, a data filter can allow a user group to access only the columns that contain the PII that they need, such as name and email address, and deny access to the columns that contain the PII that they do not need, such as phone number and social security number.
Finally, assign each user to the IAM role that matches the user's PII access requirements. This way, the user groups can access the data in the data lake securely and efficiently. The other options are either not feasible or not optimal. Using Amazon QuickSight to access the data (option B) would require the company to pay for the QuickSight service and to configure the column-level security features for each user. Building a custom query builder UI that will run Athena queries in the background to access the data (option C) would require the company to develop and maintain the UI and to integrate it with Amazon Cognito. Creating IAM roles that have different levels of granular access (option D) would require the company to manage multiple IAM roles and policies and to ensure that they are aligned with the data schema. References:
Amazon Athena
AWS Lake Formation
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Visualization, Section 4.3: Amazon Athena


NEW QUESTION # 58
A data engineer is using Amazon Athena to analyze sales data that is in Amazon S3. The data engineer writes a query to retrieve sales amounts for 2023 for several products from a table named sales_data. However, the query does not return results for all of the products that are in the sales_data table. The data engineer needs to troubleshoot the query to resolve the issue.
The data engineer's original query is as follows:
SELECT product_name, sum(sales_amount)
FROM sales_data
WHERE year = 2023
GROUP BY product_name
How should the data engineer modify the Athena query to meet these requirements?

  • A. Add HAVING sumfsales amount) > 0 after the GROUP BY clause.
  • B. Remove the GROUP BY clause
  • C. Replace sum(sales amount) with count(*J for the aggregation.
  • D. Change WHERE year = 2023 to WHERE extractlyear FROM sales data) = 2023.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The original query does not return results for all of the products because the year column in the sales_data table is not an integer, but a timestamp. Therefore, the WHERE clause does not filter the data correctly, and only returns the products that have a null value for the year column. To fix this, the data engineer should use the extract function to extract the year from the timestamp and compare it with 2023. This way, the querywill return the correct results for all of the products in the sales_data table. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant, as they do not address the root cause of the issue. Replacing sum with count does not change the filtering condition, adding HAVING clause does not affect the grouping logic, and removing the GROUP BY clause does not solve the problem of missing products. References:
Troubleshooting JSON queries - Amazon Athena (Section: JSON related errors) When I query a table in Amazon Athena, the TIMESTAMP result is empty (Section: Resolution) AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide (Chapter 7, page 197)


NEW QUESTION # 59
A data engineer needs to use AWS Step Functions to design an orchestration workflow. The workflow must parallel process a large collection of data files and apply a specific transformation to each file.
Which Step Functions state should the data engineer use to meet these requirements?

  • A. Choice state
  • B. Map state
  • C. Wait state
  • D. Parallel state

Answer: B

Explanation:
Option C is the correct answer because the Map state is designed to process a collection of data in parallel by applying the same transformation to each element. The Map state can invoke a nested workflow for each element, which can be another state machine ora Lambda function. The Map state will wait until all the parallel executions are completed before moving to the next state.
Option A is incorrect because the Parallel state is used to execute multiple branches of logic concurrently, not to process a collection of data. The Parallel state can have different branches with different logic and states, whereas the Map state has only one branch that is applied to each element of the collection.
Option B is incorrect because the Choice state is used to make decisions based on a comparison of a value to a set of rules. The Choice state does not process any data or invoke any nested workflows.
Option D is incorrect because the Wait state is used to delay the state machine from continuing for a specified time. The Wait state does not process any data or invoke any nested workflows.
References:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 5: Data Orchestration, Section 5.3: AWS Step Functions, Pages 131-132 Building Batch Data Analytics Solutions on AWS, Module 5: Data Orchestration, Lesson 5.2: AWS Step Functions, Pages 9-10 AWS Documentation Overview, AWS Step Functions Developer Guide, Step Functions Concepts, State Types, Map State, Pages 1-3


NEW QUESTION # 60
A company uses an Amazon Redshift provisioned cluster as its database. The Redshift cluster has five reserved ra3.4xlarge nodes and uses key distribution.
A data engineer notices that one of the nodes frequently has a CPU load over 90%. SQL Queries that run on the node are queued. The other four nodes usually have a CPU load under 15% during daily operations.
The data engineer wants to maintain the current number of compute nodes. The data engineer also wants to balance the load more evenly across all five compute nodes.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

  • A. Upgrade the reserved node from ra3.4xlarqe to ra3.16xlarqe.
  • B. Change the distribution key to the table column that has the largest dimension.
  • C. Change the sort key to be the data column that is most often used in a WHERE clause of the SQL SELECT statement.
  • D. Change the primary key to be the data column that is most often used in a WHERE clause of the SQL SELECT statement.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Changing the distribution key to the table column that has the largest dimension will help to balance the load more evenly across all five compute nodes. The distribution key determines how the rows of a table are distributed among the slices of the cluster. If the distribution key is not chosen wisely, it can cause data skew, meaning some slices will have more data than others, resulting in uneven CPU load and query performance.
By choosing the table column that has the largest dimension, meaning the column that has the most distinct values, as the distribution key, the data engineer can ensure that the rows are distributed more uniformly across the slices, reducing data skew and improving query performance.
The other options are not solutions that will meet the requirements. Option A, changing the sort key to be the data column that is most often used in a WHERE clause of the SQL SELECT statement, will not affect the data distribution or the CPU load. The sort key determines the order in which the rows of a table are stored on disk, which can improve the performance of range-restricted queries, but not the load balancing. Option C, upgrading the reserved node from ra3.4xlarge to ra3.16xlarge, will not maintain the current number of compute nodes, as it will increase the cost and the capacity of the cluster. Option D, changing the primary key to be the data column that is most often used in a WHERE clause of the SQL SELECT statement, will not affect the data distribution or the CPU load either. The primary key is a constraint that enforces the uniqueness of the rows in a table, but it does not influence the data layout or the query optimization. References:
Choosing a data distribution style
Choosing a data sort key
Working with primary keys


NEW QUESTION # 61
......

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