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NEW QUESTION # 18
Which type of fire alarm system transmits signals that are permanently recorded at a constantly attended supervising station located either at the protected premises or at another location of the property owner?
- A. Auxiliary
- B. Proprietary
- C. Central station
- D. Remote station
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A proprietary fire alarm system is a type of fire alarm system that transmits signals that are permanently recorded at a constantly attended supervising station located either at the protected premises or at another location of the property owner. A proprietary fire alarm system is owned and operated by the property owner or the owner's agent. A proprietary fire alarm system is intended to provide fire alarm service to a single property or a campus of related properties.References:
NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2019 Edition, Section 3.3.105.11 Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 7, Section 7.2.1.12
NEW QUESTION # 19
At what temperature do cellulose nitrate products begin to decompose?
- A. 300° F (150° C)
- B. 425° F (218° C)
- C. 581° F (305° C)
- D. 350° F (177° C)
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Cellulose nitrate products begin to decompose at about 300 °F (150 °C). This is the temperature at which the nitrate ester bonds start to break down and release nitric acid, which further catalyzes the decomposition. The decomposition temperature depends on the nitrogen content, the stabilizers, and the external heating rate of the cellulose nitrate. Higher nitrogen content, lower stabilizer concentration, and faster heating rate lower the decomposition temperature and increase the risk of thermal runaway.
References:Nitrocellulose - Wikipedia;Comparative analysis of stable decomposition and combustion kinetics of nitrated cellulose;Degradation of aged nitrocellulose investigated by thermal analysis methods;Nitrocellulose;Effect of stabilizers and nitrogen content on thermal properties of nitrocellulose
NEW QUESTION # 20
Fire tests typically relate to two types of fire properties, fire resistance and
- A. flame spread.
- B. reaction to fire.
- C. length of fire.
- D. smoke spread.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Fire tests typically relate to two types of fire properties, fire resistance and reaction to fire. Fire resistance is the ability of a building element or component to prevent the passage of heat and flames from one side to another, while reaction to fire is the response of a material or product in contributing to the development and spread of a fire. Fire resistance tests are usually performed on systems or assemblies, such as walls, floors, doors, or windows, while reaction to fire tests are usually performed on materials or products, such as sealants, insulation, cladding, or plastics.References:International Standards and Classifications for Fire Testing - Sika;Testing for Fire Resistance and Reaction to Fire - ICC NTA;'Reaction to Fire' Vs 'Fire resistance' - Ask HILTI;What is the difference between Reaction to Fire and Resistance to Fire ...;Reaction to Fire vs Resistance to Fire | Nullifire UK
NEW QUESTION # 21
What is the maximum allowable sound pressure level (SPL) for a fire alarm system?
- A. 100 dBA
- B. 50 dBA
- C. 130 dBA
- D. 30 dBA
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
According to NFPA 72, the maximum sound pressure level (SPL) for a fire alarm system is 110 dBA at the minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance1.However, this limit can be exceeded if the sound pressure level measured 2 000 mm above floor level is not more than 100 dBA2. Sound pressure level is a measure of the intensity of sound at a given point in space, expressed in decibels (dB). The higher the SPL, the louder the sound.For comparison, a normal conversation is about 60 dB, a jet engine is about 140 dB, and a gunshot is about 160 dB3.References:Sound Pressure Levels - NFPA;NFPA fire alarm sound level - EntirelySafe.com;Subsection 907.5 - Occupantnotification systems - Casetext;How Loud Is a Fire Alarm In Decibels (dB)? With Noise Comparison Chart;The Ontario Building Code | Audibility of Alarm Systems.
NEW QUESTION # 22
What type of process hazard analysis program addresses the prevention of flammable and hazardous materials released from containment?
- A. Process safety
- B. Mechanical integrity
- C. Fault tree
- D. Management of change
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Process safety is the type of process hazard analysis program that addresses the prevention of flammable and hazardous materials released from containment. Process safety is a discipline that focuses on the prevention and control of incidents that have the potentialto cause catastrophic consequences involving fire, explosion, or toxic release. Process safety involves the application of engineering and management principles, criteria, and techniques to identify, understand, and control process hazards. Process safety covers many aspects of a process, such as design, operation, maintenance, inspection, testing, and emergency response.
References: Process hazard analysis - Wikipedia1; What does the OSHA standard, - Occupational Safety and Health Administration2; Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 8, Section 8.3.13.
NEW QUESTION # 23
The duration of required fire flow in public supply systems ranges from
- A. 1-4 hours.
- B. 3-8 hours.
- C. 1-6 hours.
- D. 2-10 hours.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 24
What gas is liberated when magnesium shavings or chips come in contact with water?
- A. Hydrogen
- B. Acetylene
- C. Chlorine
- D. Oxygen
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which smoke detector type contains a small amount of radioactive material and functions by sensing a decrease in conductance of the air when smoke particles enter the chamber?
- A. lonization
- B. Light scattering
- C. Photoelectric
- D. Cloud chamber air sampling
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Smoke detector
Explore
The smoke detector type that contains a small amount of radioactive material and functions by sensing a decrease in conductance of the air when smoke particles enter the chamber is theionization smoke detector.
Ionization smoke detectors use a small amount of americium-241, a radioactive element, to ionize the air molecules inside a sensing chamber. This creates a low-level electric current between two electrodes. When smoke enters the chamber, it disrupts the ionized air and reduces the current flow. This triggers the alarm to sound.Ionization smoke detectors are more sensitive to small particles of smoke, such as those produced by flaming fires1.However, they may also be more prone to false alarms from cooking or steam, and they require proper disposal of the radioactive source2.
References:
Smoke Detector Types: Which Type of Smoke Detector Is Best? - X-Sense
How Does Your Smoke Detector Work? - ThoughtCo
NEW QUESTION # 26
The types of overspray collectors associated with spray booths can be categorized into venturi scrubbers, waterfall scrubbers, dry filter, and
- A. cyclone separator.
- B. baffle maze.
- C. vertical oscillator.
- D. cartridge filter.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The types of overspray collectors associated with spray booths can be categorized into venturi scrubbers, waterfall scrubbers, dry filter, and cartridge filter. Venturi scrubbers use a high-velocity water spray to capture the overspray particles in a turbulent zone. Waterfall scrubbers use a curtain of water flowing over a perforated plate to wash down the overspray. Dry filter collectors use a series of filters, such as paper, fiberglass, or synthetic media, to trap the overspray. Cartridge filter collectors use pleated cartridges with high surface area and efficiency to capture the overspray. These collectors also have a self-cleaning mechanism that uses compressed air to dislodge the overspray from the cartridges.
References:Spray Booth Filters: Types and Selection;Spray Booths and Paint Finishing Operations;Spray Booth Filters: Types and Selection;Spray Booth Filters: Types and Selection;Spray Booth Filters: Types and Selection
NEW QUESTION # 27
Wet chemical extinguishing agents when sprayed on a grease fire, extinguish the fire by
- A. Removal of the fuel
- B. Smothering and cooling
- C. Radiation shielding
- D. Removal of the radical free agent
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Wet chemical extinguishing agents, such as potassium acetate and potassium citrate, when sprayed on a grease fire, extinguish the fire by smothering and cooling. The wet chemical agent reacts with the hot grease and forms a layer of soap-like foam on the surface of the fat, which acts as an insulation between the hot grease and the atmosphere, preventing the escape of combustible vapors and oxygen supply.The wet chemical agent also absorbs heat from the grease and lowers its temperature below the ignition point12 References:
What is the Difference Between a Wet and Dry Chemical Fire ...
Wet Chemical (Class K) Fire Extinguisher - Portable - WFX
NEW QUESTION # 28
When using water mist as an extinguishing mechanism, the effectiveness of a fine mist depends on
- A. the ability of the mist to directly spray on the fire.
- B. the momentum and direction of the spray relative to the fire.
- C. how much mist diverts to the compartment boundaries.
- D. how much conductive heat the mist system will absorb.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
When using water mist as an extinguishing mechanism, the effectiveness of a fine mist depends on the momentum and direction of the spray relative to the fire. The momentum and direction of the spray determine how well the mist can penetrate the fire plume and reach the flame zone, where the mist droplets can evaporate and cool the fire, displace oxygen, and dilute the fuel vapors. The mist spray should have sufficient momentum to overcome the buoyancy and entrainment of the fire plume, and the direction of the spray should be aligned with the fire plume to avoid deflection and dispersion. The ability of the mist to directly spray on the fire, how much mist diverts to the compartment boundaries, and how much conductive heat the mist system will absorb are not the main factors affecting the extinguishing effectiveness of a fine mist.
References:Water Mist Systems Overview | NFPA;Engineering Relations for Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems;Effectiveness of Swirl Water Mist Nozzles for Fire Suppression
NEW QUESTION # 29
The maximum distance between hangers for an automatic fire sprinkler system for a threaded lightwall steel pipe of 2 in. diameter is
- A. 10 ft.
- B. 12 ft.
- C. 15 ft.
- D. 8 ft.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
According to NFPA 13, Table 17.4.2.1 (a), the maximum distance between hangers for an automatic fire sprinkler system for a threaded lightwall steel pipe of 2 in. diameter is 10 ft. This is done to ensure that there are not long stretches of unsecured piping that could sag, leak, or break. The distance between hangers may vary depending on the type of pipe, the type of hanger, and the seismic design category of the building.References:NFPA 13, Table 17.4.2.1 (a);Hangers and Support of Sprinkler System Piping | NFPA | NFPA.
NEW QUESTION # 30
The ignition test method that exposes the specimen to a known heat flux from a tungsten-quartz heater is referred to as a
- A. intermediate-scale calorimeter.
- B. lateral ignition apparatus.
- C. cone calorimeter.
- D. fire propagation apparatus.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The cone calorimeter is an ignition test method that exposes the specimen to a known heat flux from a tungsten-quartz heater. The cone calorimeter measures the heat release rate, mass loss rate, smoke production, and other parameters of the specimen during the test. The cone calorimeter is widely used to evaluate the flammability and fire behavior of materials and products.References:
NFPA 557: Standard for Determination of Fire Loads for Use in Structural Fire Protection Design, 2017 Edition, Section 5.3.2.11 NFPA 556: Guide on Methods for Evaluating Fire Hazard to Occupants of Passenger Road Vehicles,
2019 Edition, Section 4.3.22
Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 3, Section 3.2.2.23
NEW QUESTION # 31
Typical fire pump drivers reach maximum brake horsepower between
- A. 65-85% of rated capacity.
- B. 110-125% of rated capacity.
- C. 140-170% of rated capacity.
- D. 90-100% of rated capacity.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Fire pump
Explore
Typical fire pump drivers reach maximum brake horsepower (BHP) between 140% and 170% of rated capacity, depending on the type and size of the pump. This means that the driver must be able to provide enough power to operate the pump at its peak efficiency point, which is usually beyond the rated capacity. The rated capacity is the flow rate at which the pump is designed to deliver a certain pressure, as specified by NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection. The maximum BHP is the highest power output required by the pump at any point on its performancecurve. The driver must be sized to match the maximum BHP of the pump, with some allowance for service factor and safety margin.References
:Understanding the Basics of Fire Pumps | Pumps & Systems;How are Engines and Motors Sized for Fire Pumps?; NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, 2023 Edition, Chapter 4, Section 4.7.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Large quantities of flammable or combustible liquids (all classes) are best transferred
- A. using inert gas pressure systems.
- B. using air pressure systems.
- C. by gravity flow.
- D. through piping by pumps.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Large quantities of flammable or combustible liquids (all classes) are best transferred through piping by pumps. This method minimizes the risk of spills, leaks, fires, and explosions that may occur when transferring liquids by other means, such as air pressure, inert gas pressure, or gravity flow. Piping systems should be designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code and other applicable standards. Piping systems should also include proper grounding and bonding, venting, and emergency shutoff devices to prevent static electricity, overpressure, and accidental release of liquids.
References: NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2021 Edition, Chapter 271; Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 8, Section 8.3.12.
NEW QUESTION # 33
The primary design approach to mitigate the effect of wind on smoke movement in high-rise buildings is based on
- A. fire department access.
- B. outside temperature.
- C. tightness of the building.
- D. height of the building.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 34
What type of smoke management method is referred to as smoke purging, smoke removal, smoke exhaust, or smoke extraction?
- A. Pressurization
- B. Airflow
- C. Dilution
- D. Compartmentation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Smoke purging, smoke removal, smoke exhaust, or smoke extraction are different terms for the same type of smoke management method, which is airflow. Airflow is the method of controlling smoke by creating a flow of air that either pushes or pulls the smoke away from the desired areas. Airflow can be achieved by natural or mechanical means, such as vents, fans, or dampers. Airflow can also be used to create a smoke layer above the occupant level in large spaces, such as atriums or warehouses, by exhausting the hot smoke and supplying fresh air below the layer.References:Smoke Extraction System - NAFFCO Smoke Management;Post-Fire Smoke Purge Systems: When Are They Required? - NY Engineers; NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 21st Edition, Chapter 9, Section 9.2.1.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Response Time Index (RTI) is a value applicable to
- A. Measure of thermal sensitivity of the air evacuation device of a dry pipe sprinkler system.
- B. Measure of thermal sensitivity of a wet pipe sprinkler system's alarm device.
- C. Measure of thermal sensitivity of a sprinkler's activation.
- D. Amount of time required for water to reach the most remote sprinkler.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Response Time Index (RTI) is a measure of thermal sensitivity of a sprinkler's activation. It indicates how quickly the sprinkler responds to the heat from a fire. RTI is calculated by using the operating time, operating temperature, air temperature, air velocity, and conductivity factor of the sprinkler. RTI is independent of the gas velocity but depends on the properties of the sprinkler head such as mass, specific heat capacity andsurface area of the thermal sensing element. RTI is used to classify sprinklers into fast response or standard response categories.
References:The Basics of Sprinkler Thermal Characteristics | NFPA;Sprinkler Characteristics According to NFPA 13 - Fire Protection ...;Response time index (RTI) - Oil and Gas Drilling Glossary;RESPONSE TIME INDEX OF SPRINKLERS - Department of Building Environment ...
NEW QUESTION # 36
Fire alarm visible appliance source intensity is measured in
- A. foot candle.
- B. lumen.
- C. lux.
- D. candela.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Fire alarm visible appliance source intensity is measured in candela, which is the unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. Candela is defined as the amount of light emitted by a single candle in a specific direction.
The intensity of a strobe light depends on the candela rating, the flash rate, and the flash duration. The higher the candela rating, the brighter the light. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) have established minimum and maximum candela ratings for fire alarm visible appliances in different locations and applications.References:Strobe Light Requirements: Proper location of visible notification ...;Handbook of Visual Notification Appliances for Fire Alarm Applications;Audible Visible Appliance Reference Guide - Fire - studylib.net
NEW QUESTION # 37
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